So how was your evening with oliver it was good yes very good

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Oliver, unconsciously rapt, slides his hand along the bark of the plane trees lining the road. Sue On the contrary, they are very positive indeed about the school and our teaching methods and philosophy. Not only have the tumours regrown, the cancer has spread: kidneys, lungs, skin.

But though ocular melanomas metastasize in perhaps 50 percent of cases, given the particulars of my own case, the likelihood was much smaller. Just apologize to your flatmate, your parents, or your husband, and move on. Her face was starting to turn blue. Alex Yes, same as Emily, really. Я не могу себе представить, что когда-либо хотел быть с кем-то еще. When employees like their boss and like their job, then the office is more honest. But most outback children use their two-way radios twice a day to listen to their teachers and to communicate with them and with other outback students. Oliver: There're wolves here?

The Empire State Building glistens in the distance, on the far horizon—a paperweight souvenir of itself. Нет солнечного света, когда она ушла, он думает. It takes fortitude to stand still, just as it is a sign of weakness or cowardliness to move when you should have NOT.

Put these sentences into the Past simple - Segura, probably her 90th birthday cake or something. It is clear that he is loved here.

Emily, what kind of questions did you ask? Emily Well, the organizers of the event suggested a list of topics, you know, sort of pre-preparedquestions, but I thought that they were very er artificial, you know strange. Interviewer How about you Alex? Alex Yes, same as Emily, really. Have you done this before? Do you enjoy living in Oxford? Interviewer Did other people ask you interesting questions? Alex Yes, some were quite interesting. Interviewer And you, Emily. Were you asked anything unusual? Interviewer How many matches did you get? Emily I chose six men that I would be happy to see again, and of those six, four of them had chosen me too, so I got four matches. Alex I got three. Interviewer Did you go out with any of the people? Emily Yes, I went on one date with a guy who teaches biochemistry at university. I had to go home after half an hour. Interviewer What about the other three matches? Emily The second man contacted me directly after the event and invited me to dinner. But then he sent me a text message the next day and cancelled. He said that he had met someone else. Interviewer How about you Alex? Alex I emailed one of the matches, a woman I quite liked and we met at a bar in Oxford. At the speed dating event she seemed really bubbly and good fun, but after spending a few minutes with her it was very clear that we had nothing in common. The atmosphere was awful and it was all very awkward and I think she felt the same so we just finished our drinks and left. Then I arranged to meet another of my matches. But actually, Susanna quickly made me forget everything and we had a great evening. We then met up the next day and went for a long walk. And well, to cut a long story short, six months later I took her to Paris and proposed, and two months ago we got married! Interviewer So a real success story for you then? Sally looks like a kind and sincere woman. First she asked me a few basic questions — was I married, did I have children, and so on. Sally Well, somebody called Caroline is going to have a powerful and positive effect on your finances. Australia is very important in your life. Ireland does play a big role in my life. In fact, I grew up there. Sally Ireland is a place where you will find answers to a lot of your problems. Look for the Irish connection. Jane Ah, very interesting! What does he look like? Jane So when am I going to meet him? Sally Actually, you already know him. Jane What about my health? Jane Yes she does, actually. She gets bad headaches. It was only when she started talking about my children that I really started listening. Sally Your son Conor is very like you. Jane In fact he does like words and writing, and last week he won a poetry prize at school. Sally But your daughter Clara is more like your exhusband. This was beginning to make me wonder… 1. She gave me a recording of our conversation on a CD, because she said I needed to listen to everything she had told me a few times. When I got home, I put on the CD. When I listened again, I realized that for every thing that Sally got right, she got several things wrong. Her face was starting to turn blue. I put my arms around her waist and I pulled hard in and up three times and the piece of steak came out. Then I just put my arm round the lady and gave her a hug. I knew exactly what to do because before I started to work as a television presenter, I used to be a flight attendant. We were taught a lot about first aid. I must admit I was a bit embarrassed by all the attention I got in the restaurant and then the next day the story was in all the newspapers. And maybe this story will make people think about learning first aid. I managed to touch the tomato with two of my fingers and I was able to move it a little. That was enough — Peter started coughing and the tomato came out. But I was very lucky. Afterwards, I found out that my ignorance of first aid had nearly killed my son. Hitting Peter on the back was OK, but putting my fingers down his throat was a big mistake. I could have pushed the tomato even further down his throat and he could have died. What does an astrologer do? Frank An astrologer will take your date, place, and time of birth, construct a map of the heavens, a horoscope, that will look at temperament, character, emotional needs and a number of other different factors. Interviewer What does being a palmist mean? Interviewer What kind of people come to see you? Frank A lot of people would expect bored housewives and people with nothing better to do, or too much money, more money than sense, to come, but in fact the truth is you tend to get all sorts of people from every type or walk of life. Interviewer Do you ever look at your own future? Frank Well, rather than try to look at my own future or predict it I try and have it, I try and experience it. Interviewer Do you ever read your horoscope? Cherry Not particularly, no. Miles Scorpio, I had to think about that one. Interviewer Do you ever read your horoscope? Interviewer Do you ever read your horoscope? See if it ever comes true. Mike Yes, I think it does. You can definitely tell with some star signs. You can definitely tell their, sort of, personality straightaway. It does play a big role, I think. Interviewer Do you ever read your horoscope? Theresa I do occasionally, yes. Theresa Well, I think it has an influence on mine because Capricorn is the goat and goats are always climbing onwards and upwards and that really is very much me. Interviewer Do you ever read your horoscope? Kurt None, whatsoever, not unless they read it first and then change their personality to match. We want as few rules as possible governing our lives. We are also very hard-working. We are also very optimistic, and we think that if we work hard, we can achieve anything. On the negative side, I think we are extremely materialistic. The measure of success for most people here is money. Historically there has always been a lot of emigration. Which reminds me that we also drink quite a lot. We defend the things that we believe in — when we have to — and we avoid taking extreme positions, which I think is another strength. One of our main weaknesses, though, is that we can be quite selfsatisfied and arrogant towards foreigners. Just think of our inability, or our unwillingness, to learn foreign languages! And although we are keen travellers, we can be quite negative towards foreigners. Some people would like to see the country kept only for us, without apparently understanding how negative that could be. I love the country, and think it has some of the most beautiful scenery in the world, but I feel that we tend to focus too much on the wrongs done to us in the distant past, rather than trying to move on. Hello to both of you. Interviewer Right, the first question is what weather conditions are the most dangerous when flying a plane? Steven Probably the most dangerous weather conditions are when the wind changes direction very suddenly. Interviewer Is all turbulence dangerous? Pilots know when to expect turbulence and we try to avoid it by changing routes or flight levels. Interviewer Which is more dangerous, take-offor landing? Richard Both take-offand landing can be dangerous. Most accidents happen in this period. Steven I would say take-offis probably slightly more dangerous than landing. If the pilot has a problem with the plane at this point, he has very little time — maybe only a second — to abort the take off. Interviewer Passengers often think that putting on seat belts in a plane is really a waste of time. Richard Not at all. When the plane is moving on the ground and the pilot suddenly puts the brakes on, passengers can be thrown out of their seats, just like in a car. Interviewer Should we really listen to the safety information? So listening to where the exits are and working out which one is the nearest exit to you might save your life. Most air crew can even tell you where the emergency exits are in the hotels where they stay. Interviewer What about life jackets? Richard Fortunately, planes very rarely have to land in the sea, but to be honest the chances of surviving if your plane did crash into the sea are not high. Interviewer Are some airports more dangerous than others? Steven Yes, some are — particularly airports with high mountains around them and airports in countries with older or more basic navigation equipment. And for some of these airports pilots have to practise on a simulator first before they are given permission to land a plane there. Interviewer How important is it for pilots and controllers to have good clear English? But most of them do, luckily. But I remember once I had the actor Steven Seagal as a passenger — and the cabin crew told me that he had just got on board and he was carrying an enormous samurai sword. He looked very imposing standing in the cabin. He was nearly 2 metres tall, dressed completely in black, carrying a sword and he is — as you probably know — a martial arts expert. But in fact he was very happy to give us the sword, which was gold and which had been given to him as a present in Bali. Steven Crossing the road outside the airport terminal! Probably in connection with flying, my most frightening experience would have to be a near miss I had when I was flying a Boeing 747 at night. A small aeroplane passed in the opposite direction just 15 metres below my plane. Just after this happened, a flight attendant brought us some hot snacks and I distinctly remember how good they tasted! Interviewer Have you ever been taken ill during a flight? I felt terrible — incapable of doing anything at all for the rest of the flight. Luckily though, the rest of the crew were fine, because on all flights the crew are given different meals, just in case. So as my co-pilotshad eaten a different meal and felt fine, the flight was able to continue safely. The windshield cracked and popped out as the fire engine hit the floor. He trembled and screeched louder than ever. How long has he been off? He broke my fire engine! She would punish him. He was angry, too. She grabbed his arm and spun him around. The spanking would come next. Instead he felt her fingers searching for something at the back of his neck. What made you want to be a flight attendant? Hayley I never really wanted to be a flight attendant, I just kind of knew I always wanted to travel, always had this idea that I wanted to see the world, saw an advert in a newspaper, went for the interview, got the job and loved it. Interviewer What kind of training did you have? Interviewer What kind of person do you think the airlines are looking for? I mean what kind of person makes a good flight attendant? Interviewer Tell me, what do you think are good and bad sides of the job? Hayley Good sides, obviously I get to see the world pretty much for free. You know, you have to work around it. Interviewer Are there any other downsides? You just sort of get on with it. Interviewer Have you got any tips for dealing with jet lag? I definitely find it easier going east than I do west. How do you deal with this? Hayley A lot of passengers are afraid of flying. Just try and sit and talk to them, calm them down. You do feel sorry for them. But, yeah, they usually make themselves known. Or come straight up and ask for vodka. He was having a panic attack. So, yeah, that was probably the worst thing. Poor guy, I felt really sorry for him. Interviewer Have you ever been in a dangerous situation, for example, have you had to evacuate a plane? Never even remotely come close to it. Interviewer Have you ever felt nervous or frightened on a flight? Hayley No, not really. Anne I love it. I really love flying. I just love flying. Interviewer What do you least like about flying? Interviewer Have you ever had a frustrating experience when you were flying? Anne Yes, I did actually. But eventually I bribed somebody. Interviewer How do you feel when you fly? Jordan I love flying. Interviewer What do you least like about flying? Interviewer Have you ever had a frustrating experience when you were flying? Jordan Yeah, one time they lost my baggage, so I had to spend my holiday without my luggage. Interviewer How do you feel when you fly? Interviewer What do you least like about flying? Interviewer Have you ever had a frustrating experience when you were flying? Jeff Air travel, security-wiseis very frustrating — not being able to take things on a plane and the huge queues at the airports Interviewer How do you feel when you fly? Ben Safe, I mean I have no problems with travelling at all. Interviewer What do you least like about flying? Ben Probably either the leg room or the food. Interviewer Have you ever had a frustrating experience when you were flying? Ben A stopover in Chicago for quite a while, a few years ago but nothing major, no. Roman Polanski, the director of the film, he was looking for someone to train the actors — the young boys — to teach them to be pickpockets. So anyway, the film company got in touch with my company, and then I flew to Prague where they were shooting the film, to meet Polanski. Interviewer What happened when you met him? He just asked me to steal his watch, without him noticing. Interviewer And did you? John Yes, I did. So he gave me the job! Interviewer How long did it take the boys to learn to pick pockets? John Not very long. They learned really quickly. To be a good pickpocket you need confidence and children have that confidence. In the end, they got so good that they were stealing from everybody on the film set, even from me. I started to feel a bit like Fagin myself. John The real trick is to make people notice some things but not others. Let me show you. What do you have in your jeans pockets? Interviewer Er just keys. John Can you show me them? All I had to do was to direct your attention to your jeans pocket and your keys, and you forgot about your jacket pocket and your wallet. I mean I was prepared — I knew you were going to try to steal from me. For example, take tourists in London. When they come out of Westminster tube station, the first thing people do is look up at Big Ben. The pickpockets see that and so they know exactly where it is. John Freedman, thank you very much for talking to us this afternoon. It had been pouring with rain for several days and I could see that the River Vltava was swollen. Now it appeared that there was a real danger that the river would overflow. All of us who lived or worked near the river were being advised to get out and move to a place of safety. My office is in the centre of Prague only a hundred metres from the river bank and I live in a flat in a small town just a few kilometres north of Prague, right on the banks of the River Vltava, so I was in danger both at work and at home. My wife and baby were at my flat, so I did the sensible thing and went home immediately. They would be completely safe there. So far, so good! But then I stopped being sensible, and I jumped back into the car and went back to our flat. Why did I do that? I told myself that it was because I was afraid of looters breaking into our flat and stealing things, but the truth was that I sort of felt that I wanted to be in the middle of things, to be involved in what was happening. I stayed up all night watching the TV bulletins. They were giving regular reports on how fast the water level was rising at various places throughout the Czech Republic. I suppose I had a kind of perverse desire to be the last person to leave our block of flats. I could hear cars starting up and setting off all evening, and from time to time I looked out at our car park and I could see that it was almost empty. At about three in the morning, my car was the only one left in the car park and my nerves gave out — or maybe I just came to my senses, because I finally decided to get into the car and escape. I tried various escape routes but even these roads were impassable now. On my last attempt, I drove until I met another car which was blocking the road. The road ahead was flooded, but the driver of the other car was wading into the water to see how deep it was. He said he thought he could make it, so I decided to follow him. The water was rising quickly now, but he drove really really slowly through the water and I felt a bit impatient. Anyway, he managed to get through the water safely. I followed him, but I went much more quickly. I was one of the lucky ones. But the poor people who lived on the ground floor — their flats were very badly damaged. They had been completely under water. But would you go as far as Barbara Haddrill? Six years ago, Barbara from Powys in Wales, decided to make big changes to her lifestyle because she was worried about climate change, especially about the amount of carbon dioxide emissions that she herself was producing. So she stopped driving, and she started buying organic food from local shops and using a wood fire to heat her home. The flight to Australia takes 24 hours and produces a huge amount of carbon dioxide emissions. But she really wanted to go to the wedding. So now she had a terrible dilemma. To fly or not to fly? Instead of flying, Barbara decided to travel to Australia overland! She travelled by train and bus through Russia, China, Vietnam, Thailand, then by boat to Singapore, and finally to Australia. The epic journey took her nearly two months. Fortunately, Barbara works part-timeat the Centre for Alternative Technology and they were happy to give her such a long holiday. She travelled 14,004 miles, and it took her 51 days. The total amount of CO 2 emissions her trip produced was 1. She would have travelled 10,273 miles, and it would have taken her just 25 hours. But the CO 2 emissions would have been 2. We would be very interested in hearing your comments. You can email us at newsday radio24. The average driver spends nearly an hour and a half a day in the car, so obviously the risks involved in driving are something we should take very seriously. Driving gets a lot of bad publicity and there are a lot of myths about how dangerous it is — but the fact is that, kilometre for kilometre, it is riskier to be a pedestrian or a jogger than to drive a car, or ride a motorbike for that matter. We are also more likely to be injured at work or at home than we are driving a car. But accidents do happen and the reason why a lot of them happen is because people break the rules. In fact 50% of all fatal accidents occur because someone has broken the law. The most frequent reason is breaking the speed limit and the second most frequent is drunk driving. The third cause of fatal accidents is when a driver falls asleep, a surprising 10 %. When we drive is also a significant factor in assessing our risk of having an accident. Driving at night, for example, is four times as dangerous as during the day. This is mainly because visibility is so much worse at night. What are the most dangerous times and days to be on the road? So if possible, try to stay off the road then. The time of day when you are most likely to have a non-fatal accident is Friday afternoon between 4. This is when people are finishing work for the week and it is a time when drivers need to concentrate especially hard. Curiously, Tuesday is the safest day of the week to be on the road. Which brings us onto where accidents happen. Most fatal accidents happen on country roads, so highways or freeways what you call A-roadsor motorways are much safer. Also 70% of fatal accidents happen within 30 or 40 kilometres of where we live. Why should that be? The answer seems to be that we concentrate less when we are in familiar territory. Another myth about driving is that women are worse drivers than men. Women are more careful and cautious drivers. But the most important factor of all is age. A driver aged between 17 and 24 has double the risk of an older driver. Which is why a lot of people would like to see the age limit for having a driving licence raised to 21. Sue Palmer is the head of the nursery. Interviewer Sue, do the children really spend all day outside? They only come inside for breaks, so they probably spend about 90% of their day outside. We think this is a much better way of teaching children than by shutting them up in classrooms all day. Interviewer What kind of things do children learn from being outside? Sue They can learn about the world by doing things. We have a large field next to the nursery so they are in the field all day — playing, exploring, experimenting. They learn about how plants and trees grow, they can learn about insects. They can learn about the danger of fire by sitting around a real fire. They might easily fall over, have accidents. Sue No, no, not at all. People have forgotten just how important it is to give our children some freedom. They need to be allowed to take risks during play. My children know which plants can hurt them. They know that fire is dangerous. But nowadays schools do all they can to avoid adventure and risk. Interviewer Why do you think schools have become so obsessed with eliminating risk? Interviewer Have you ever had any problem with parents? Sue On the contrary, they are very positive indeed about the school and our teaching methods and philosophy. I think, and the parents agree with me, that the way we are teaching is the way that childhood should be. Coming up on the show next … 3. Free runners use obstacles in a town or city to create movement, by running, jumping, and climbing. Interviewer Where do you most enjoy doing it? Interviewer How did you first get into free running? EZ My background is in boxing, which I did for about 20 years and I boxed at international level. And I got married and had a kid and had to just change my life around and become sensible all of a sudden. Interviewer Tell us about the organization Urban Freeflow. We take care of all sorts of commercials and movies in that sense. Interviewer What do you do with police? Interviewer What about in schools? I think if anything, the key word for what we do is repetition. Interviewer What attracted you especially about free running? Was it the risk element? You might get the odd sprained ankle. Interviewer Is free running really something that anyone can do? Gymnastics would help, but you could be just someone who plays football, or does a bit of running and pick it up straight away. Interviewer What was it like? So it was scary and it was funny, and it was just making a fool of myself. Interviewer Have you ever done any high-risksports or activities? Anne Not really, no, except for potholing, but that was in my younger days. Interviewer What was it like? Interviewer Have you ever done any high-risksports or activities? Interviewer What was it like? Mark Oh, it was awesome. And your chute opens and you get sucked back up into the sky. Interviewer Have you ever done any high-risksports or activities? The river got faster and faster, and soon they were in rapids. The raft was swept down the river at an incredible speed until it hit a rock. Kevin managed to swim to land, but Yossi was swept away by the rapids. He came up to the surface several kilometres downriver. By an incredible piece of luck he found their backpack floating in the river. The backpack contained a little food, insect repellent, a lighter, and most important of all … the map. The two friends were now separated by a canyon and six or seven kilometres of jungle. He felt responsible for what had happened to his friend. Yossi, however, was feeling very optimistic. At night Yossi tried to sleep but he felt terrified. The jungle was full of noises. Suddenly he woke up because he heard a branch breaking. He turned on his flash light. There was a jaguar staring at him… Yossi was trembling with fear. But then he remembered something that he once saw in a film. He used the cigarette lighter to set fire to the insect repellent spray and he managed to scare the jaguar away. Suddenly, as he was walking, he saw a footprint on the trail — it was a hiking boot. He followed the trail until he discovered another footprint. It was his own. He had been walking around in a circle. Suddenly Yossi realized that he would never find Kevin. He felt sure that Kevin must be dead. Yossi felt depressed and on the point of giving up. He was still looking for Yossi. But after nearly a week he was weak and exhausted from lack of food and lack of sleep. He decided that it was time to forget Yossi and try to save himself. He had just enough strength left to hold onto a log and let himself float down the river. Kevin was incredibly lucky — he was rescued by two Bolivian hunters in a canoe. The men only hunted in that part of the rainforest once a year, so if they had been there a short time earlier or later, they would never have seen Kevin. They took him back to the town of San José and he spent two days recovering. The army were sure that Yossi must be dead, but in the end Kevin persuaded them to take him up in a plane and fly over the part of the rainforest where Yossi could be. It was a hopeless search. The plane had to fly too high and the forest was too dense. Kevin felt terribly guilty. He was convinced that it was all his fault that Yossi was going to die in the jungle. He was starving, exhausted and slowly losing his mind. He lay down by the side of the river ready for another night alone in the jungle. Suddenly he heard the sound of a bee buzzing in his ear. He thought a bee had got inside his mosquito net. Yossi was too weak to shout, but Kevin had already seen him. It was a one-in-a-million chance, but Yossi was saved. When Yossi had recovered, he and Kevin flew to the city of La Paz and they went directly to the hotel where they had agreed to meet Marcus and Karl. But Marcus and Karl were not there. The two men had never arrived back in the town of Apolo. The Bolivian army organized a search of the rainforest, but Marcus and Karl were never seen again. It could be with your partner, with your boss, with your parents, or with a friend. When this happens, the important thing is to try not to let a calm discussion turn into a heated argument. But of course this is easier said than done. The first thing I would say is that the way you begin the conversation is very important. What are we going to do about it? This is the easiest and best way to avoid an argument. Just apologize to your flatmate, your parents, or your husband, and move on. The other person will have more much respect for you in the future if you do that. But if you do start arguing with someone, it is important to keep things under control and there are ways to do this. Raising your voice will just make the other person lose their temper too. If you find yourself raising your voice, stop for a moment and take a deep breath. It is also very important to stick to the point. Try to keep to the topic you are talking about. Just concentrate on solving the one problem you are having, and leave the other things for another time. You can then continue the discussion the next day when perhaps both of you are feeling less tense and angry. That way there is much more chance that you will be able to reach an agreement. Well, those are my tips. But I want to say one last important thing. Some people think that arguing is always bad. This is not true. Think of the smaller arguments as training sessions. Learn how to argue cleanly and fairly. It will help your relationship become stronger and last longer. First with us we have Joanna and Steve from Stepney. Joanna and Steve No, nothing at all. Presenter Right so first the mystery drink. Steve It smells fruity to me, not very strong but definitely fruity. Joanna Yeah, it smells a bit like orange juice but sweeter. Steve It could be beep then. Presenter OK so now the food. Presenter Now the object. Steve It feels like a coin. Joanna Can I feel it? Presenter And now to the sound effect. Remember you can hear it twice only. Now… Steve It sounds like thunder to me. Joanna Well, maybe, but it sounds very distant. Could it be a train? Can we hear it again, please? What do you think? So now, the moment of truth. Did Steve and Joanna get it right? Our assistant Vanessa will give us the answers, a round of applause for Vanessa. Can you tell us a bit about the kind of acting you do? Interviewer Did you always want to be an actor? You know, acting and improvising and that kind of thing. And then started doing student films and fringe theatre and unpaid work just to get experience in acting and loved it and then started doing it more seriously and got an agent and started getting proper acting jobs and that was about 13 years ago. Trevor It really depends. When you do a play for example, you have three, four, sometimes even six weeks to rehearse with the other people and the director and the props and everything, so you have a long time to learn your lines, to as it were find the character. The memorization is the most like real work, that can be difficult, you know, just memorizing lots of lines. So you have to be very disciplined and get all that ready in advance. Interviewer How do you learn your lines? Trevor Well, I suppose, this last role that I played is one of the most difficult parts, Tullus Aufidius in Coriolanus, because there were lots of things that were very demanding about the part. We had to do a huge sword and axe fight in the middle of the play. We were using actual … I mean they were blunt swords and axes, but they were still very large pieces of metal. Interviewer Do you prefer working in the theatre or in film and TV? So yeah, I think a lot of people get into extra work and stuff because they think this will be really glamorous, but you end up reading a book for about 9 hours a day. Interviewer How does it make you feel? Ben I suppose nervous at first but then you settle in and within a couple of minutes and before you know it you kind of lose any awareness of kind of any external factors or anything like that. Interviewer Have you ever acted? Interviewer What do you like about it? Louise The buzz of it, being able to be someone else in front of people — just being someone else is good. Interviewer Have you ever acted? Mike Yes, I have. But I plan to go further. Interviewer How does it make you feel? Mike I love it. And you can just sort of get taken away into this other world and you can get really into it. Interviewer Have you ever acted? A modernized one and stuff. Interviewer How does it make you feel? Interviewer Have you ever acted? Ray Possibly not since I was at school. Interviewer How did it make you feel? Ray Very nervous beforehand, very apprehensive beforehand and then quite excited when it all went well, yes. A lot of research has been done to find out why we listen to music, and there seem to be three main reasons. Firstly, we listen to music to make us remember important moments in the past, for example when we met someone for the first time. When we hear a certain piece of music, we remember hearing it for the first time in some very special circumstances. Obviously, this music varies from person to person. Secondly, we listen to music to help us to change activities. If we want to go from one activity to another, we often use music to help us to make the change. For example, we might play a certain kind of music to prepare us to go out in the evening, or we might play another kind of music to relax us when we get home from work. The same is true of people on buses and trains with their iPods. When people are happy they speak faster, and their voice is higher. When they are sad they speak more slowly and their voice is lower, and when people are angry they raise their voices or shout. Babies can tell whether their mother is happy or not simply by the sound of her voice, not by her words. What music does is it copies this, and it produces the same emotions. So faster, higher-pitchedmusic will sound happy. Slow music with lots of falling pitches will sound sad. Loud music with irregular rhythms will sound angry. Let me give you some examples. For angry, say Mars, from The Planets by Holst. Of course the people who exploit this most are the people who write film soundtracks. They can take a scene which visually has no emotion and they can make the scene either scary or calm or happy just by the music they write to go with it. All you can see is a woman having a shower, but the music makes it absolutely terrifying. In the early hours of this morning a man on his way to work was passing a building site in Dulwich, south-eastLondon when he spotted the 15-year-oldgirl lying on the arm of the crane. He immediately called the police on his mobile phone. The police and fire brigade arrived on the scene at 1. But when a fireman climbed up the crane, he could see that the girl was asleep. The fireman realized that it could be very dangerous if the girl woke up suddenly. So he crawled along the 21-metrearm of the crane and carefully wrapped the girl in a safety harness before waking her up gently. The girl had a mobile phone with her and the fireman was able to call her parents, who came to the building site straight away. Finally, the girl was brought down from the crane on a ladder. The whole rescue operation had taken two and a half hours. Her parents were waiting for her on the ground and obviously they were very relieved to see her safe and well. She had walked out of her house during the night without her parents noticing and sleepwalked to the building site. Professor Miller, does this story surprise you? Professor Not at all. I have treated people who have driven cars, ridden horses and I had one man who even tried to fly a helicopter while he was asleep. Presenter But how did this girl manage to climb a 40-metrecrane? Professor It would have been no problem for her. She would climb the crane just as easily as if she were awake. Presenter And would her eyes have been open? Professor Yes, sleepwalkers usually have their eyes open. Presenter Is sleepwalking very common? Research shows that about 18% of the population have a tendency to sleepwalk. Adults who sleepwalk are normally people who used to sleepwalk when they were children. Adult sleepwalking often happens after a stressful event, for example, after a road accident. People used to think that it was dangerous to wake up a sleepwalker. Presenter So if we see someone sleepwalking, should we wake them up? Professor Yes, you should remember that another of the myths about sleepwalkers is that they cannot injure themselves while they are sleepwalking. If a sleepwalker is walking around the house, they can trip or fall over a chair or even fall down stairs. The other day there was a case of a nine-year-oldgirl who opened her bedroom window while sleepwalking and fell ten metres to the ground. So you see it is definitely safer to wake a sleepwalker up. Presenter How long does sleepwalking last? Professor It can be very brief, for example, a few minutes. The most typical cases are people getting up and getting dressed, or people going to the bathroom. But it can occasionally last much longer, maybe half an hour or even more. Presenter And what happens when sleepwalkers wake up? Do they remember the things they did while they were sleepwalking? So, for example, the girl who climbed up the crane will probably have no memory of the incident. Presenter So, is a sleepwalker responsible for his or her actions? Professor A very good question, actually. A few years ago a man from Canada got up in the middle of the night and drove 20 kilometres from his home to the house where his parents-in-lawlived and, for no apparent reason, he killed his mother-in-law. The man was charged with murder but he was found not guilty because he had been asleep at the time he committed the crime. And everyone loves a free meal in a posh restaurant so I rarely have to eat on my own. Well, there are several. In fact, most restaurant critics have a weight problem. Another disadvantage of the job is that because I do it so often, eating out has lost a lot of its attraction for me. When the weekend comes I prefer to eat at home rather than go out for a meal. They are people who got into the job precisely because it has very weird hours and involves going to difficult places. I mean to some extent the things which are difficult and potentially dangerous about the job are also the things that made you want to do the job in the first place and the reason why the job is so exciting. One of the problems of the job is seeing a lot of horrific things and then going back home to normality. Journalists used to get killed by accident, but now there are more and more cases of journalists being killed simply because they are journalists, and they are also becoming the target of kidnappers. Two of my colleagues have been kidnapped recently and a very good friend of mine was killed last year. How did the Proms start? There were important classical concerts during the year, but in the summer people tended to go away, society life finished and so he had the brilliant idea of taking away all the seats on the floor of the hall, where the expensive people usually sat and letting people come in and stand there and walk around and have a very informal experience of concert-going. Two concerts on many days, three concerts on some days. Interviewer World-classmusicians perform at the Proms for much lower fees than they would expect to receive. Why do you think that is? And so people do want to come and perform. What you get at the Proms is a wonderful mixture of total informality and total concentration. Nicholas The death of Princess Diana was particularly difficult because of course she lived just across the road in Kensington Palace from where the Proms happened in the Royal Albert Hall. We changed some programmes to make them more appropriate. Very oddly we had programmed two or three requiems in that last two weeks of the season and they fitted very very well. As it turned out, he died just a week later and so another conductor, Colin Davies, took over that Verdi Requiem and dedicated it to both of them and it was a fantastically charged atmosphere in the hall. Could you tell us about it? Nicholas A wonderful American composer called John Adams had written an absolutely wonderful piece which we were going to do on the last night of the Proms in 1997. Unfortunately he had called it Short ride in a fast machine. And so it was perfectly obvious from the first moment that we had to take that piece out and change the programme. Interviewer Are there any embarrassing or amusing experiences you remember? Usually, because they were in the middle of the music, conductors just ignored them and people got embarrassed and switched them off. So anyway, it restarted and the performance was a spectacular success and it was wonderful. My embarrassment at the same thing happening to me. Anne Isle of Wight in the 70s. Interviewer What was it like? Anne There were just thousands and thousands of people just chilling out doing whatever you wanted to do. And it was just great fun — there was music, dancing, a great memory actually. Interviewer Have you ever been to a music festival? Jordan Yes, we have a rock festival back home in Ohio that we go to, a lot of my friends and I go to. Interviewer Have you ever been to a music festival? Mike Yes, I went to Glastonbury. Interviewer What was it like? Interviewer Have you ever been to a music festival? Ray Yes, not for many years. Interviewer What were they like? Well, at the time they were really exciting. I can remember a long journey down to Bath, sleeping in a field, I can remember expensive food, waiting up all night to the see the band that you wanted to see and then falling asleep. I can remember feeling slightly sort of sick and hungry all the time I was there, but yeah, it was good, it was exciting. Interviewer Have you ever been to a music festival? Yeah, we went to the Big Chill. Interviewer What was it like? Harley Yeah, it was really good. I went with my dad and my sister, we went in a camper van. So we camped and yeah, it was good. About halfway through the talk, I realized that something was flying around the room. At first I just ignored it, as I thought it was probably a bird that had come in through the window, but after a while I noticed that the women in the audience were following its movements with their eyes and were not looking very happy. It was then that I realized that it was a large bat. So I hurried through the last part of the talk and then as soon as I finished, I rushed out of the room. But after about ten minutes, I realized that something was wrong. Then I saw several people get up and walk out of the hall. In the end, I just stopped and asked them. I just apologized profusely and invited the people who had already heard the talk to leave, which, unfortunately, was almost everybody. They listened politely for 45 minutes, and at the end I asked for any questions. So there I was with no presentation notes at all, nothing, and I had to improvise from what I could remember. It was all very embarrassing, I must say. I was strolling along by the river enjoying the sunshine when I noticed that several people at the cafés were already having lunch. I thought it was a bit early for lunch and I checked my watch — it was only a quarter to twelve. The UK is one hour behind France, so that meant it was in fact quarter to one. Sebastian Outdoors: walk up Parliament Hill — you get far and away the best view over the city. Indoors: the British Museum. When you see what the people of ancient times were capable of, it makes you feel humble about the achievements of our own age. You just turn a corner and suddenly there it is. Sebastian Well, the views from the bridges are always spectacular. And on a summer evening I like the roof garden of The Trafalgar Hotel just off Trafalgar Square — you can watch the city lights come on as the sun sets. Sebastian In the summer, almost anywhere. One of my favourite places to be at that time is the all-nightbagel shop on Brick Lane. I love queuing on the pavement outside for a salmon and cream cheese bagel in the early morning, because then it means I must have been out all night doing something fun or interesting. But in winter the best place to be at dawn is in bed — definitely! Interviewer What would be a good thing to do on a scorching hot day? Sebastian Getting a boat on the Serpentine or in Battersea Park is one of my favourite things, and another of my favourite places, the London Aquarium, is somewhere where you can escape from the heat into a world of water and air conditioning. Sebastian Walking in the parks. I love walking in Hyde Park. It always reminds me of my childhood — I have memories of feeding the squirrels there. Interviewer What do you think is the most romantic place in London? Sebastian In Kensington, Knightsbridge, and Chelsea, residential squares have enclosed gardens. With us tonight to talk about this book is Steven Hutchinson, a freelance journalist. Presenter What was the gorilla experiment? Steven Well, a study was carried out by Daniel Simons and Christopher Chabris at Harvard University in 1999. He got volunteers to watch a 45-secondfilm of people playing basketball. There were two teams. One team were wearing black T- shirts and the other team were wearing white ones. He gave the volunteers a simple task: they just had to count the number of passes made by the white team. Afterwards, he asked them how many passes they had counted and most people got the answer right. Then he asked them if they had seen anything unusual and at least half of them said no. Because during the film, while the two teams were playing basketball, a woman dressed as a gorilla walked onto the court and she beat her chest at the camera, and then slowly walked off the court. Dr Wiseman repeated this experiment many times and the result was always the same. In fact, he actually tried it on a group of top British scientists and not one of them saw the gorilla. Steven Yes, people like the man who invented Postit TM notes. He was actually trying to develop a really strong kind of glue, but he could only manage to make a very weak one. Or the man who set up IKEA, the furniture company — I mean for years people had been wanting cheap furniture that was well designed, but nobody did it. Or the idea of cheap air travel. People just accepted that it was impossible. Presenter Can we make ourselves creative thinkers? Steven Yes, Dr Wiseman has lots of tips on how we can become more creative. One of the things he recommends is to try to do the opposite of what you normally do. For example, he told a group of journalists to try to think of articles that nobody would find interesting — he said that from that, possibly a brilliant idea for something interesting will come up. His idea is to print a book which contains the first chapters of 15 other different books. This book has a book token in the back, a voucher that you can use to buy another book. The idea is that you read the beginnings and then choose which book you want to read more of and buy it with the book token. Presenter What a great idea! This company use Ducks, renovated World War II amphibious vehicles, which can travel on land and water. What makes a Duck tour better than a normal sightseeing tour? John What makes Duck tours more interesting in terms of the tour as opposed to other tours is the ability to be able to go on the land and the river in one tour at the same time. That has a great benefit for all our clients. Interviewer Some people might say that taking tourists on such a busy river is a bit dangerous. Have you ever had any accidents? Interviewer Do you ever have to rescue other people on the river? John When we are on the river, we are one of the most frequent users of this part of the river and people will often fall or jump off Westminster Bridge, Lambeth Bridge … or indeed Vauxhall Bridge and therefore we will be within the vicinity and will often have to rescue people who have either fallen off accidentally or deliberately tried to commit suicide, so in terms of the river it is a very serious river with a very fast-flowingtide and we treat it with the utmost respect. Interviewer Do you have many difficult customers? Interviewer What are your personal favourite sights on the tour? I also favour the statue of Emmeline Pankhurst because that is quite interesting in so much as it was only in 1928 that women were given the vote and yet it seems so many years ago and then in terms of large sights, obviously things like Buckingham Palace and Horse Guards are very interesting as well, because of the history. Interviewer What do you think is the best and worst thing about London for a tourist? John I think the best thing is the fantastic variety and depth of culture that we have in our capital city here. We have over 200 different cultures and nations who live here in the centre of London, and it makes for a fantastic cosmopolitan city with so much variety that it is impossible to get bored. It is a fabulous capital to come to as a tourist. Interviewer Which city would you most like to visit? Anne Probably Delhi, because of the difference in culture and the monuments that are there and the people, and looking at the cultural differences of how we live and how they live. And I just find everyone so nice and so friendly. Interviewer Which city would you most like to visit? Agne It would be New York. Interviewer Which city would you most like to visit? Matandra My favourite big city. I risk sounding partial but it would have to be my home town, it would have to be Rome. Interviewer Which city would you most like to visit? Matandra Either Casablanca or a place like that. So I can come here and go shopping. Interviewer Which city would you most like to visit? A man from the engineering company, Bosch, visited Mercedes and he liked the way that I worked and he offered me a job in Germany. I would have learnt to become an engineer. In those days not many people did that. I was a bit pale so I decided to go to a suntan studio the day before the competition. Unfortunately, that was too long and I got burnt. The top and skirt I wore the next day for the competition were really skimpy and so everyone in the audience could see how red my skin was. She was Polish but she was in Russia, in St Petersburg, during the Russian Revolution and she knew all sorts of interesting people at the time, painters, writers, people like that. I was only a child so I never asked her much about her own life. I played a lot of sport, I played in a band, and listened to a lot of music, but I also spent most of my time either socializing or asleep. And in terms of studying, I just did the bare minimum — I read what I had to, but never anything more. I only went to the compulsory lectures, never the optional ones and I left all my essays until the last minute and kept them as short as I could. This was presumably because that was the payment rate that he got in his own office. I mean in his office, most people paid probably just because Feldman worked there himself, and they knew him personally, and probably liked him. So when Feldman sold his bagels in other offices, he had to accept less. Between 80 and 90% was what he considered to be normal, you know, the average rate. It was only if a company habitually paid less than 80% — which luckily not many did — that he would feel he had to do something. Interestingly, since he started the business, the boxes he leaves to collect the cash have hardly ever been stolen. Well, first of all, it shows that smaller offices are more honest than big ones. An office with twenty to thirty employees generally pays 3 to 5% more than an office with two to three hundred employees. This seems to be because in a smaller community people are more worried about being dishonest — probably because they would feel worse if they were caught. The bagel data also suggests that your mood, how you feel, affects how honest you are. For example, the weather is a really important factor. And people are also affected by public holidays, but in different ways — it depends which public holiday. Before Christmas and Thanksgiving, people are less honest, but just before the 4th of July and Labour Day they are more honest. This seems to be because holidays like the 4th of July, are just a day off work, and people always look forward to them. But Christmas and Thanksgiving are holidays where people often feel quite stressed or miserable. So their bad mood makes them less honest. The other thing Feldman believes affects how honest people are is the morale in an office. When employees like their boss and like their job, then the office is more honest. He also thinks that the higher people are promoted, the less honest they are. He reached this conclusion because over several years.